Narcolepsy in Dogs

Category: Nervous System & Behavioral
Inheritance: Autosomal recessive
Breeds documented: 4
Published sources: 5

Overview

Trouble regulating sleep and wakefulness can cause marked sleepiness and sudden sleep episodes. Some dogs also have cataplexy, when their muscles briefly lose tone and they become weak or collapse while still aware. Excitement can trigger an episode. Narcolepsy has inherited forms and can also develop alongside another illness, so similar-looking events need careful veterinary assessment.

Signs to watch for

Unusual sleepiness during the day
Suddenly falling asleep
Legs becoming weak or giving way during excitement
Remaining aware during an episode of muscle weakness

Inherited cases can begin in puppyhood; acquired forms have also been reported in adults.

When to get help Arrange a vet assessment for episodes of sudden weakness or unusual sleepiness.

Diagnosis and tests

Diagnosis starts with the pattern of episodes and a veterinary examination, because fainting and some seizures can look similar. DNA testing can help identify known inherited forms in certain breeds. If another illness is suspected, a specialist may recommend brain imaging and tests on fluid around the brain and spinal cord.

Breeds with documented risk

4 breeds

By breed size

1 Small
3 Large

Labrador RetrieverLarge · Sporting Group
DachshundSmall · Hound Group
Doberman PinscherLarge · Working Group
Dogo ArgentinoLarge · Working Group

Inheritance

Autosomal recessive
A dog is affected only if it inherits two copies of the gene variant, one from each parent. A dog with one copy is a carrier: usually healthy, but able to pass the variant on. When two carriers are bred, on average one puppy in four is affected. A DNA test can tell clear, carrier and at-risk dogs apart.
As stated by OMIA

We've gathered what published sources say about this condition, so you can talk it through with your vet. It isn't veterinary advice: you and your vet know your dog best.